DR ANUPAM KUMAR MISHRA

 Child labour laws in India In 2011 , the national census of India found that the total number of child labourers, aged [5–14], to be at 10.1 million, out of the total of 259.64 million children in that age group. The child labour problem is not unique to India; worldwide, about 217 million children work, many full-time. As per the Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, amended in 2016 ("CLPR Act"), a "Child" is defined as any person below the age of 14, and the CLPR Act prohibits employment of a Child in any employment including as a domestic help. It is a cognizable criminal offence to employ a Child for any work. Children between age of 14 and 18 are defined as "Adolescent" and the law allows Adolescent to be employed except in the listed hazardous occupation and processes which include mining, inflammable substance and explosives related work and any other hazardous process as per the Factories Act,

                              Child Marriage in India Child marriage prevalence is generally defined as the percentage of women 20-24 years old who were married or in union before age 18. India is estimated to have over 24 million child brides. 40% of the world’s 60 million child marriages take place in India according to the National Family Health Survey. India has the 14th highest rate of child marriage in the world, according to the International Center for Research on Women.           Marriage systems and practices vary by region, caste and tribe. Rates of child marriage are higher in the North-West and lower in the South-East of the country. The states with the highest rates of child marriage (50% and above) are Bihar, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. But even in low prevalence states there may be pockets of with high rates of child marriage. According to a recent district-level household and facility survey (DLHS), co

  What is Justice? From my point of view, justice is nothing but being fair. Okay, what is justice from a law point of view?-Being justified. But what is being justified? It is the process of using laws to judge and punish crimes and criminals fairly. What is a theory of justice? John Rawls, a political philosopher and an American moral, wrote A Theory of Justice in 1971. It tried to address the issue of societal distributive fairness. Traditional philosophical arguments on what defines a fair institution and the basis for social acts and policies were rejected by Rawls. The utilitarian argument states that society should seek the greatest good for the most significant number of people, which aligns with the tyranny of the majority over the minority. According to John Rawls, justice is defined as fairness, and social justice is the primary feature of social organizations. Rawls is a moral and political philosopher from the United States who wrote A Theory of Justice in 1971, “Political

 Article. 20 of the Indian Constitution subsumes within itself three important doctrines known as Doctrine of Ex post facto Law, Double jeopardy and prohibition of self incrimination, this is one of the Articles which cannot be done away even during Emergency. The Art 20 of the Indian Constitution was initially draft Article. 14 of the Indian Constitution. The term Ex post Facto Law is a part of natural justice principle and the same is based on the principle that no body should be punished for commission of an Act which was not a crime at the time of commission of the Act, or should not be inflicted with a punishment which was not present at the time of commission of the Act. This can be found in Section 10 to the Article. 1 of the US Constitution- It was called as the hallmark of republic governance by Alexander Hamilton. The nomenclature of Section 10 states that the congress shall not pass any legislation which is no state can pass any ex post facto Law, this was pointed out by Geo

  Concept Of Liberty Every citizen has the right which is enforced by the state and protected by the state and ensures freedom or liberty. According to Harold J. Laski: Without right there cannot be liberty, because without right men are the subjects of law unrelated to the needs of personality. [1] The word liberty originates from the Latin word Libre meaning free. From the concept two major perspective are there, first one says that “meaning of Liberty is not fixed, it changes according to time” and second says that: Liberty has some restrictions but the proper statement of liberty should be explained in a way which includes fact that every individual’s liberty is necessarily relative to that of others. It is the duty of the state to provide and protect the liberty to every individual in such a way that whatever an individual want to do he/she can proceed without any restriction but implied with some restrictions, means to say that what and how much liberty it provides to the people.

  It is a fact that an independent and impartial judiciary is the sine qua non of a healthy society. Therefore, it becomes quite essential that the judiciary is protected from all sorts of evils to affect the administration of justice. The quest for conferring society’s support and respect to the judiciary led to the conferment of ancillary powers in the judiciary to prevent any act which may lead to disrespect towards the authority of the court and eventually this power developed into law of contempt. The law of contempt is based on sound public confidence in the administration of justice. The purpose of contempt jurisdiction is to uphold the majesty and dignity of law courts. The Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 defines contempt of court and also provides for the procedure, limitation, punishment, and appeals as well as defenses available to contemnor. Meaning of Contempt of Court: Contempt of court generally is any behavior or wrongdoing that conflicts with or challenges the authority,