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Order 21B CPC - Code of Civil Procedure - EXECUTION OF DECREES AND OrderS

 Order 21B CPC Description

Payment under decree


51. Attachment of negotiable instruments


Where the property is a negotiable instrument not deposited in a Court, not in the custody of a public officer, the attachment shall be made by actual seizure, and the instrument shall be brought into Court and held subject to further Orders of the Court.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Allahabad.- In Order XXI, for rule 51, substitute the following rule, namely.-


?51. Where any property has been attached in execution of a decree and the Court for any reason passes an Order dismissing the execution application the attachment shall, in the absence of any Order passed by the Court, be deemed to subsist for a period of fifteen days after the dismissal of the application for execution and no fresh attachment of the same property shall be necessary if a fresh application is made, the attachment shall cease:


Provided that in the case of movable property the attachment shall not be continue after an Order dismissing the execution application has been passed unless the decree-holder has given his consent in writing and therein deposit with the Court on his behalf a sum of money sufficient to meet the expenses of the attachment during the extended period.� (w.e.f. 1-7-1957)


52. Attachment of property in custody of Court or public officer


Where the property to be attached is in the custody of any Court or public officer, the attachment shall be made by a notice to such Court or officer, requesting that such property, and any interest or dividend becoming payable thereon, may be held subject to the further Orders of the Court from which the notice is issued:


Provided that, where such property is in the custody of a Court, any question of title or priority arising between the decree-holder and any other person, not being the judgment-debtor, claiming to be interested in such property by virtue of any assignment, attachment or otherwise, shall be determined by such Court.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Andhra Pradesh.-Same as in Madras.


Karnataka.-In Order XXI, in rule 52, same as in Madras without the word "Explanation". (w.e.f. 30-3-1967)


Madras.-In Order XXI, in rule 52, renumber the existing proviso as proviso (i) and insert the following proviso, namely:-


"(ii) Provided further that, where the Court attachment is determined to be prior receives or realizes such property, the receipt or realization shall be deemed to be on behalf of all the Courts in which there have been attachments of such property in execution of money decrees prior to the receipt of such assets.


Explanation.-Priority of attachment in the case of attachment of property in the custody of Court shall be determined on the principles as in the case of attachment of property not in the custody of Court."


[Vide P Dis No 445 of 1935.]


53. Attachment of decrees


(1) Where the property to be attached is a decree, either for the payment of money or for sale in enforcement of a mortgage or charge, the attachment shall be made,-


(a) if the decrees were passed by the same Court, then by Order of such Court, and


(b) if the decree sought to be attached was passed by another Court, then by the issue to such other Court of a notice by the Court which passed the decree sought to be executed, requesting such other Court to stay the execution of its decree unless and until-


(i) the Court which passed the decree sought to be executed cancels the notice, or


1[(ii) (a) the holder of the decree sought to be executed, or


(b) his judgment-debtor with the previous consent in writing of such decree-holder, or with the permission of the attaching Court, applies to the Court receiving such notice to execute the attached decree.]


(2) Where a Court makes an Order under clause (a) of sub-rule (1), or receives an application under sub-head (ii) of clause (b) of the said sub-rule, it shall, on the application of the creditor who has attached the decree or his judgment-debtor, proceeds to execute the attached decree and apply the net proceeds in satisfaction of the decree sought to be executed.


(3) The holder of a decree sought to be executed by the attachment of another of decree the nature specified in sub-rule (1) shall be deemed to be the representative of the holder of the attached decree and to be entitled to executive such attached decree in any manner lawful for the holder thereof.


(4) Where the property to be attached in the execution of a decree is a decree other than a decree of the nature referred to in sub-rule (1) the attachment shall be made by a notice by the Court which passed the decree sought to be executed, to the holder of the decree sought to be attached, prohibiting him from transferring or charging the same in any way; and, where such decree has been passed by any other Court, also by sending to such other Court a notice to abstain from executing the decree sought to be attached until such notice is cancelled by the Court from which it was sent.


(5) The holder of a decree attached under this rule shall give the Court executing the decree such information and aid as may reasonably be required.


(6) On the application of the holder of a decree sought to be executed by the attachment of another decree, the Court making an Order of attachment under this rule shall give notice of such Order to the judgment-debtor bound by the decree attached; and no payment or adjustment of the attached decree made by the judgment-debtor in contravention of such Order 2[with knowledge thereof or] after receipt of notice thereof, either through the Court or otherwise, shall be recognized by any Court so long as the attachment remains in force.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Allahabad.-(a) In Order XXI, in rule 53, in sub-rule (1), in clause (b) and in sub-rule (4), after the words "to such other Court", insert the words "and to any other Court to which the decree has been transferred for execution."


[Vide Notification No. 4084/35(a)-3(7), dated 24th July, 1926.]


Andhra Pradesh.- Same as in Madras.


Bombay.-In Order XXI, in rule 53, in sub-rule (1), in clause (b) and in sub-rule (4), after the words "such other Court", insert the words "and to any other Court to which the decree has been transferred for execution", (w.e.f. 1-10-1983)


Calcutta.-(a) In Order XXI, in rule 53, sub-rule (1), in clause (b), after the words "to such other Court", insert the words "and to any Court to which it has been transferred for execution" and after the words "requesting such other Court", insert the words "or Courts".


(b) In sub-rule (4), after the words "by sending to such other Court", insert the words "and to any Court to which it has been transferred for execution".


[Vide Notification No- 3516-G, dated 3rd February, 1953.]


Delhi.-Same as in Punjab.


Gauhati.-Same as in Calcutta.


Himachal Pradesh.-Same as in Punjab.


Karnataka.-Same as in Madras, (w.e.f. 30-3-1967) ': ! i '. ..


Kerala.-Same as in Madras. -


[Vide Notification No. Bl-3312/58, dated 7th April, 1959.]


Madhya Pradesh.-(a) In Order XXI, in rule 53, in sub-rule (1), in clause (b) and in sub-rule (4), after the words "to such other-Court", insert the words "and to any other Court to which the decree has been transferred for execution", (w.e.f. 16-9-1960)


Madras.-In Order XXI, in rule 53, in rule (1), after clause (b), insert the following clause, namely:-


"(c) If decree sought to be attached has been sent for execution to another Court, the Court which passed the decree shall send a copy of the said notice to the former Court, and thereupon the provisions of clause (b) shall apply in the same manner as if the former Court had passed the decree and the said notice had been sent to it by the Court which issued it."


[Vide GOMs. No. 2084-Home, dated 2nd September, 1936-HCP Dis No. 691, dated 13th October, 1936.]


Orissa.-Same as in Patna.


Patna.-In Order XXI, in rule 53, in sub-rule (1), for clause (b), substitute the following clause, namely:-


"(b) If the decree sought to be attached was passed by another Court, then by the issue to such other Court (or to the Court to which the decree may have been transferred for execution) of a notice by the Court before which the application has been made requesting such other Court (or the Court to which the decree may have been transferred for execution as the case may be) to stay the execution of the decree sought to be attached unless and until-


(i) the Court which has issued the notice shall cancel the same, or


(ii) the holder of the decree sought to be executed, or his judgment-debtor, with the consent of the said decree-holder expressed in writing or the permission of the attaching Court, applies to such other Court (or to the Court to which the decree may have been transferred for execution) to execute the attached decree."


Punjab.-In Order XXI, in rule 53, in sub-rule (1), in clause (b), after the words "such other Court", insert the words "and to the Court to which it has been transferred for execution".


[Vide Notification No. 125-Gaz-XI-Y-14, dated 7th April, 1932 and Notification No. 225-R-XI-Y-14, dated 5th August, 1937.]


1. Subs, by Act. No. 104 of 1976, sec. 72, for sub-clause (ii) (w.e.f. 1- 2-1977).


2. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).


54. Attachment of immovable property


(1) Where the property is immovable, the attachment shall be made by an Order prohibiting the judgment-debtor from transferring or charging the property in any way, and all persons from taking any benefit from such transfer or charge.


1[(1A) The Order shall also require the judgment-debtor to attend Court on a specified date to take notice of the date to be fixed for settling the terms of the proclamation of sale.]


(2) The Order shall be proclaimed at some place on or adjacent to such property by beat of drum or other customary mode, and a copy of the Order shall be affixed on a conspicuous part of the property and then upon a conspicuous part of the court-house, and also, where the property is land paying revenue to the Government in the office of the Collector of the district in which the land is situate 1[and, where the property is land situate in a village, also in the office of the Gram Panchayat, if any, having jurisdiction over that village.]


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Allahabad.-(a) In Order XXI, in rule 54, in sub-rule (2), at the end, for the full stop, substitute a common and insert the following words, namely:-


"and, where the property, whether paying revenue to Government or otherwise, is situate within Cantonment limits, in the office of the Local Cantonment Board and of the Military Estates Officer concerned."


[Vide Notification No. 5691/35(a)-3(9), dated 27th September, 1941.]


(b) after sub-rule (2), insert the following sub-rule, namely:-


"(3) The attachment shall be deemed to have been made against transferee without consideration from the judgment-debtor, from the date of the Order of attachment; and as against all other persons from the date on which they respectively had knowledge of the Order of attachment or the date on which the Order was duly proclaimed under sub-rule (2) whichever is earlier." (w.e.f. 5-3-1983)


Andhra Pradesh.-Same as in Madras.


Bombay.-In Order XXI, for rule 54, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"54. Attachment of immovable property.-(1) Where the property is immovable, the attachment shall be made by an Order prohibiting the judgment-debtor from transferring or charging the property in any way, and all persons from taking any benefit from such transfer or charge, such Order shall take effect, where there is no consideration for such transfer or charge, from the date of such Order, and where there is consideration for such transfer or charge, from the date when such Order came to the knowledge of the person to whom or in whose favour the property was transferred or charged.


(1A) The Order shall also require the judgment-debtor to attend Court on a specified date to take notice of the date to be fixed for settling the terms of the proclamation of sale.


(2) Copies of the Order shall also be forwarded to the Collector with a request that appropriate entries showing the attachment levied on the property may be caused to be made in the revenue records, city survey records or village panchayat records as may be required in the particular case.


(3) The Order shall be proclaimed at some place on or adjacent to such property by beat of drum or other customary mode, and a copy of the Order shall be affixed on a conspicuous part of the property and then upon a conspicuous part of the Court-house, and also, where the property is land paying revenue to the Government, in the office of the Collector of the District in which the land is situate, and also, where the property is situate within Cantonment limits, in the office of the Local Cantonment Board and the Military Estates Officer concerned, and where the property is land situate in a village, also in the office of the Gram Panchayat, if any, having jurisdiction over that village. (w.e.f. 1-10-1983). See also Goa Gazette, Extra. Sec. 1, No. 28, p. 385 (w.e.f. 1-4-1987).


Calcutta.-In Order XXI,-


(a) in rule 54, in sub-rule (2), at the end, insert the following words:-


"and also, where the property is situated within cantonment limits, in the office of the local Cantonment Board and the Military Estates Officer concerned".


[Vide Notification No. 6149-G, dated 26th July, 1941.]


(b) after sub-rule (2), insert the following sub-rule, namely:-


"(3) Such Order shall take effect, where there is no consideration for such transfer or charge, from the date of the Order, and where there is consideration for such transfer, or charge for the date when such Order came to the knowledge of the person to whom or in whose favour the property was transferred or charged, or from the date when the Order is proclaimed under sub-rule (2) whichever is earlier."


[Vide Notification No. 3516-G, dated 3rd February, 1933.]


Delhi.-Same as in Punjab.


Gauhati.-Same as in Calcutta.


Gujarat.-(1) In Order XXI, in rule 54, in sub-rule (1), at the end, insert the following words, namely:-


"Such Order shall take effect, where there is no consideration for such transfer or charge, from the date of such Order, and where there is consideration for such transfer or charge, from the date when such Order came to the knowledge of the person to whom or in whose favour the property was transferred or charged."


(2) In sub-rule (2), at the end, substitute comma for the full stop and insert the following words:-


"and also, where the property is situate within Cantonment limits, in the office of the Local Cantonment Board and the Military Estates Officer concerned." (w.e.f. 17-8-1961)


Himachal Pradesh.-Same as in Punjab.


Karnataka,-In Order XXI, in rule 54, in sub-rule (2), at the end, delete the full stop and insert the following words:-


"and where the property is situated within the limits of a Municipality or other local authority also in the principal office of the said Municipality or the local authority." (w.e.f. 30-3-1967)


Kerala.-In Order XXI, in rule 54,-


(i) for sub-rule (2), substitute the following sub-rule, namely:-


"(2) The Order shall be proclaimed at some place on or adjacent to such property by beat of drum or other customary mode and a copy of the Order shall be affixed on a conspicuous part of the property and thereupon, a conspicuous part of the Court-house and also in the village office or, in case there is no such office, in the Taluk office of the place in which the land is situate and, where the property is situated within the limits of a Municipality or Panchayat, in the office of the Municipality or Panchayat within the limits of which the property is situate."


(ii) after sub-rule (2), insert the following sub-rule, namely:-


"(3) The attachment shall be deemed to have taken as against transferees without consideration from the judgment-debtor from the date of the Order of attachment and as against all other persons from the date on which they respectively had knowledge of the Order of attachment or the date on which the Order was duly proclaimed under sub-rule (2) whichever is the earlier." (w.e.f. 9-6-1959)


Madhya Pradesh.-(a) In Order XXI, in rule 54,-


(a) in sub-rule (2), at the end, delete the full stop and insert the words "and also where the property is situate within cantonment limits, in the office of the Local Cantonment Board and the Military Estates Officer concerned."


(b) after sub-rule (2), insert the following sub-rule, namely:-


"(3) The Order shall take effect as against purchasers for value in good faith from the date when a copy of the Order is affixed on the property and against all other transferees from the judgment-debtor from the date on which such Order is made."


Madras.-(a) In Order XXI, rule 54-


(a) for sub-rule (2), substitute the following sub-rule, namely:-


"(2) The Order shall be proclaimed at some place on or adjacent to such property by beat of drum or other customary mode. A copy of the Order shall be affixed on a conspicuous part of the property and on a conspicuous part of the Court-house. Where the property is land paying revenue to the Government, a copy of the Order shall be similarly affixed in the office of the Collector of the district where the land is situated. Where the property is situated within Cantonment limits, the Order shall be similarly affixed in the office of the Local Cantonment Board and the Military Estates Officer concerned, and where the property is situated within the limits of a Municipality, in the office of the Municipality within the limits of which the property is situated."


(b) after sub-rule (2), insert the following sub-rule, namely:-


"(3) The Order of attachment shall be deemed to have been made as against transferees without consideration from the judgment-debtor from the date of the Order of attachment, and as against all other persons from the date on which they respectively had knowledge of the Order of attachment, or the date on which the Order was duly proclaimed under sub-rule (2), whichever is earlier."


[Vide Notification No. 3409, dated 29th June, 1949.]


Orissa.-Same as in Patna.


Patna.-Same as in Madhya Pradesh (a).


[Vide Notification No. 21-R, dated 28th January, 1941.]


Punjab.-In Order XXI, in rule 54,- (a) in sub-rule (2), at the end, insert the following words, namely:-


"where the property is land situated in a Cantonment, copies of the Order shall also be forwarded to the Cantonment Board and to the Military Estates Officer in whose area that Cantonment is situated."


(b) after sub-rule (2), insert the following sub-rule, namely:-


"(3) the Order shall take effect, as against persons claiming under a gratuitous transfer from the judgment-debtor, from the date of the Order of attachment, and as against others from the time they had knowledge of the passing of the Order of attachment or from the date of the proclamation, whichever is earlier."


[Vide Notification No. 125-Gaz XI-Y-14, dated 7th April, 1932; Notification No. 109-R1 XI-Y-14, dated 1st April, 1939 and Notification No. 273-R-XI-Y-14, dated 30th July, 1941.]


1. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 72 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).


55. Removal of attachment after satisfaction of decree


Where-


(a) the amount decreed with costs and all charges and expenses resulting from the attachment of any property are paid into Court, or


(b) satisfaction of the decree is otherwise made through the Court or certified to the Court, or


(c) the decree is set aside or reversed,


the attachment shall be deemed to be withdrawn, and, in the case of immovable property, the withdrawal shall, if the judgment-debtor so desires, be proclaimed at his expense, and a copy of the proclamation shall be affixed in the manner prescribed by the last preceding rule.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENT


Allahabad.-In Order XXI, for rule 55, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"55. (1) Notice shall be sent to the sale officer executing a decree of all applications for reteable distribution of assets made under section 73 (1) in respect of the property of the same judgment-debtor by persons other than the holder of the decree for the execution of which the original Order was passed.


(2) Where-


(a) the amount decreed [which shall include the amount of any decree passed against the same judgment-debtor, notice of which has been sent to the sale officer under sub-section (1)], with costs and all charges and expenses resulting from the attachment of any property are paid into Court, or


(b) satisfaction of the decree [including any decree passed against the same judgment-debtor, notice of which has been sent to the sale officer under sub�section (1)] is otherwise made through the Court or certified to the Court, or


(c) the decree [including any decree passed against the same judgment-debtor, notice of which has been sent to the sale officer under sub-section (1)] is set aside or reversed, the attachment shall be deemed to be withdrawn, and, in the case of immovable property, the withdrawal shall, if the judgment-debtor so desires, be proclaimed at his expense, and a copy of proclamation shall be affixed in the manner prescribed by the last preceding rule."


[Vide Notification No. 1477/35(a)-3(3), dated 1st June, 1918.]


56. Order for payment of coin or currency notes to party entitled under decree


Where the property attached is current coin or currency notes, the Court may, at any time during the continuance of the attachment, direct that such coin or notes, or a part thereof sufficient to satisfy the decree, be paid over to the party entitled under the decree to receive the same.


1[57. Determination of attachment


(1) Where any property has been attached in execution of a decree and the Court, for any reason, passes an Order dismissing the application for the execution of the decree, the Court shall direct whether the attachment shall continue or cease and shall also indicate the period up to which such attachment shall continue or the date on which such attachment shall cease.


(2) If the Court omits to give such direction, the attachment shall be deemed to have ceased.]


1. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 72, for rule 57 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).


HIGH COURT AMENDMENT


Bombay.-In Order XXI, for rule 57, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"57. Determination of attachment.-Where any property has been attached in execution of a decree and the Court for any reason passed an Order dismissing an execution application, the Court shall direct whether the attachment shall continue or cease. If the Court omits to make an Order rand if the Order dismissing the execution application is appealable the attachment shall continue till expiry of the period prescribed for filing an appeal or where appeal has been filed, till such further period as the appellate Court may direct." (w.e.f. 1-10-1983)


1[Adjudication of claims and objections


1. Subs. by Act. No. 104 of 1976,sec. 72, for "Investigation of claims and objections" (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).


1[58. Adjudication of claims to, or objections to attachment of, property-


(1) Where any claim is preferred to, or any objection is made to the attachment of, any property attached in execution of a decree on the ground that such property is not liable to such attachment, the Court shall proceed to adjudicate upon the claim or objection in accordance with the provisions herein contained:


Provided that no such claim or objection shall be entertained-


(a) where, before the claim is preferred or objection is made, the property attached has already been sold; or


(b) where the Court considers that the claim or objection was designedly or unnecessarily delayed.


(2) All questions (including questions relating to right, title or interest in the property attached) arising between the parties to a proceeding or their representatives under this rule and relevant to the adjudication of the claim or objection, shall be determined by the Court dealing with the claim or objection and not by a separate suit.


(3) Upon the determination of the questions referred to in sub-rule (2), the Court shall, in accordance with such determination,-


(a) allow the claim or objection and release the property from attachment either wholly or to such extent as it thinks fit; or


(b) disallow the claim or objection; or


(c) continue the attachment subject to any mortgage, charge or other interest in favour of any person; or


(d) pass such Order as in the circumstances of the case it deems fit.


(4) Where any claim or objection has been adjudicated upon under this rule, the Order made thereon shall have the same force and be subject to the same conditions as to appeal or otherwise as if it were a decree.


(5) Where a claim or an objection is preferred and the Court, under the proviso to sub-rule (1), refuses to entertain it, the party against whom such Order is made may institute a suit to establish the right which he claims to the property in dispute;


but, subject to the result of such suit, if any, an Order so refusing to entertain the claims or objection shall be conclusive.


1. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 72, for section 58 fo 63 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).


59. Stay of sale


Where before the claim was preferred or the objection was made, the property attached had already been advertised for sale, the Court may-


(a) if the property is movable, make an Order postponing the sale pending the adjudication of the claim or objection, or


(b) if the property is immovable, make an Order that, pending the adjudication of the claim or objection, the property shall not be sold, or, that pending such adjudication, the property may be sold but the sale shall not be confirmed, and any such Order may be made subject to such terms and conditions as to security or otherwise as the Court thinks fit.]


[Rule 60 to 63-Omitted by Act No. 104 of 1976.]


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Calcutta.-In Order XXI, after rule 63, insert the following rule, namely:-


"63A. When an attachment of movable property ceases, the Court may Order the restoration of the attachment property to the person in whose possession it was before the attachment." (w.e.f. 3-11-1933)


Gauhati.-Same as in Calcutta,


Patna.-In Order XXI, after rule 63, insert the following heading and rules, namely:-


"Garnishee Orders


63A. Where a debt {other than a debt secured by a mortgagor a debt recoverable only in Revenue Court or a debt the amount of which exceeds the pecuniary jurisdiction of the Court) has been attached under rule 46 and the debtor prohibited under clause (i) of sub-rule (1) of rule 46 (hereinafter called the garnishee) does not pay the amount of the debt into Court in accordance with rule 46, sub-rule (3), the Court, on the application of the decree-holder, may Order a notice to issue calling upon the garnishee to appear before the Court and show cause why he should not pay into Court the debt due from him to the judgment-debtor. A copy of such notice shall, unless otherwise Ordered by the Court, be served on the judgment-debtor.


63B. (1) If the garnishee does not pay into Court the amount of the debt due from him to judgment-debtor, and if he does not appear in answer to the notice issued under rule 63A, or does not dispute his liability to pay such debt to the judgment-debtor, then the Court may Order the garnishee to comply with the terms of such notice, and on such Order execution may issue against the garnishee as though such Order were a decree against him.


(2) If the garnishee appears in answer to the notice issued under rule 63A, and disputes his liability to pay the debt attached, the Court, instead of making an Order as aforesaid, may Order that any issue or question necessary for determining his liability be tried as though it were an issue in a suit and **** upon the determination of such issue shall pass such Order upon the notice as shall be just.


63C. Whenever in any proceedings under the foregoing rules it is alleged by the garnishee that the debt attached belongs to some third person, or that any third person has a lien or charge upon or interest in it, the Court may Order such third person to appear and state the nature and particulars of his claim, if any, upon such debt, and prove the same, if necessary.


63D. After hearing such third person and any other person who may subsequently to be Ordered to appear, or in the case of such third or other person not appearing as Ordered, the Court may pass such Order as is provided in the foregoing rules, or make such other Order as the Court shall think fit, upon such terms in all cases with respect to the lien charge or interest, if any, of such third or other person as shall seem just and reasonable.


63E. Payment made by, or levied by execution upon the garnishee in accordance with any Order made under these rules shall be a valid discharge to him as against the judgment-debtor, and any other person Ordered to appear under these rules, for the amount paid or levied although such Order or the judgment may be set aside or reversed.


63F. The costs of any application for the attachment of a debt under the foregoing rules and of any proceedings arising from or incidental to such application shall be in the discretion of the Court. Costs awarded to the decree-holder shall, unless otherwise directed, be retained out of the money recovered by him under the garnishee Order and in priority to the amount of his decree.


63G. Out of the amount recovered under the garnishee Order the Court shall deduct a sum equal to the court-fee payable under the Indian Court-Fees Act on a plaint in a suit for recovery of the money and credit the same to the Government.


63H. (1) Where the liability of any garnishee has been tried and determined under these rules the Order shall have the same force and be subject to the same condition as to appeals or otherwise as if were a decree.


(2) Orders not covered by clause (1) shall be appealable as Orders made in execution."


Sale genrally


64. Power to Order property attached to be sold and proceeds to be paid to person entitled


Any Court executing a decree may Order that any property attached by it and liable to sale, or such portion thereof as may see necessary to satisfy the decree, shall be sold, and that the proceeds of such sale, or a sufficient portion thereof, shall be paid to the party entitled under the decree to receive the same.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Madras--In Order XXI, in rule 64, after the words "executing a decree may", insert the words "after notice to the decree-holder and judgment-debtor", (w.e.f. 10-4-1963)


Orissa.-Same as in Patna.


Patna.-In Order XXI, in rule 64,-


(a) for the words "attached by it", substitute the words "in respect of which it has made an Order of attachment".


(b) between the words "and" and "liable", insert the words "which is" (w.e.f. 7-1-1936).


65. Sales by whom conducted and how made


Save as otherwise prescribed, every sale in execution of a decree shall be conducted by an officer of the Court or by such other person as the Court may appoint in this behalf, and shall be made by public auction in manner prescribed.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Andhra Pradesh.-Same as in Madhya Pradesh.


Kerala.-Same as in Madhya Pradesh.


Madhya Pradesh.-In Order XXI, in rule 65, at the end, insert the following words:-


"Such officer or person shall be competent to declare the highest bidder as purchaser at the sale, provided that, where the sale is made in, or within the precincts of the Court-house, no such declaration shall be made without the leave of the Court." (w.e.f. 16-9-1960)


66. Proclamation of sales by public auction


(1) Where any property is Ordered to be sold by public auction in execution of a decree, the Court shall cause a proclamation of the intended sale to be made in the language of such Court.


(2) Such proclamation shall be draw up after notice to the decree-holder and the judgment-debtor and shall state the time and place of sale, and specify as fairly and accurate


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Section 58B of The Advocates Act - Special provision relating to certain disciplinary proceedings

 Section 58B The Advocates Act Description (1) As from the 1st day of September, 1963, every proceeding in respect of any disciplinary matter in relation to an existing advocate of a High Court shall, save as provided in the first proviso to sub-section (2), be disposed of by the State Bar Council in relation to that High Court, as if the existing advocate had been enrolled as an advocate on its roll. (2) If immediately before the said date, there is any proceeding in respect of any disciplinary matter in relation to an existing advocate pending before any High Court under the Indian Bar Councils Act, 1926 (38 of 1926), such proceeding shall stand transferred to the State Bar Council in relation to that High Court, as if it were a proceeding pending before the corresponding Bar Council under clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 56: Provided that where in respect of any such proceeding the High Court has received the finding of a Tribunal constituted under section 11 of the Indian B

Case Laws related to Defamation in favour of ClaimantCase Laws related to Defamation in favour of Claimant. TOLLEY Vs, J.S FRY & SONS LTD – (1931) Facts The defendants were owners of chocolate manufacturing company. They advertised their products with a caricature of the claimant, who was a prominent amateur golfer, showing him with the defendants’ chocolate in his pocket while playing golf. The advertisement compared the excellence of the chocolate to the excellence of the claimant’s drive. The claimant did not consent to or knew about the advertisement. Issue The claimant alleged that the advertisement suggested that he agreed to his portrait being used for commercial purposes and for financial gain. He further claimed that the use of his image made him look like someone who prostituted his reputation for advertising purposes and was thus unworthy of his status. At trial, several golfers gave evidence to the effect that if an amateur sold himself for advertisement, he no longer maintained his amateur status and might be asked to resign from his respective club. Furthermore, there was evidence that the possible adverse effects of the caricature on the claimant’s reputation were brought to the defendants’ attention. The trial judge found that the caricature could have a defamatory meaning. The jury then found in favor of the claimant. Held The House of Lords held that in the circumstances of this case – as explained by the facts – the caricature was capable of constituting defamation. In other words, the publication could have the meaning alleged by the claimant. The Lords also ordered a new trial limited to the assessment of damages. NEWSTEAD V LANDON EXPRESS NEWSPAPER LTD, (1939) Facts: A newspaper published a defamatory article about Harold Newstead. However, another person with this name brought an action in libel. He claimed that the article had been misunderstood as leading to him. The defendant newspaper recognised that they published the article. Also, they denied that they had the intention of being defamatory of him. Consequently, the claimant argued that the newspaper was under a duty. The duty was to give a clear and complete description of the correct person. Moreover, the claimant argued that the defendants were in breach of the duty. Issues: The issue in Newstead v London Express Newspaper, was if the reasonable persons would have understood the words complained of to refer to the plaintiff. Held: The Court of Appeal stated that in accordance with the current law on libel, liability for libel does not depend on the intention of the defamer; but on the fact of the defamation. Accordingly, a reasonable man, in this case a newspaper publisher, must be aware of the possibility of individuals with the same name and must assume that the words published will be read by a reasonable man with reasonable care.

  Case Laws related to Defamation in favour of Claimant.  TOLLEY  Vs,  J.S FRY & SONS LTD – (1931) Facts The defendants were owners of chocolate manufacturing company. They advertised their products with a caricature of the claimant, who was a prominent amateur golfer, showing him with the defendants’ chocolate in his pocket while playing golf. The advertisement compared the excellence of the chocolate to the excellence of the claimant’s drive. The claimant did not consent to or knew about the advertisement.   Issue The claimant alleged that the advertisement suggested that he agreed to his portrait being used for commercial purposes and for financial gain. He further claimed that the use of his image made him look like someone who prostituted his reputation for advertising purposes and was thus unworthy of his status. At trial, several golfers gave evidence to the effect that if an amateur sold himself for advertisement, he no longer maintained his amateur status and might be aske

Rules as to delivery of goods

                             Rules as to delivery of goods Section 2(2) of Sale of Goods Act defines ‘delivery’ as a ‘voluntary transfer of possession from one person to another.’ Thus, if the transfer of goods is not voluntary and is taken by theft, by fraud, or by force, then there is no ‘delivery. Moreover, the ‘delivery’ should have the effect of putting the goods in possession of the buyer. The essence of the delivery is a voluntary transfer of possession of goods from one person to another. There is no delivery of goods where they are obtained at pistol point or theft. 1. Mode of Delivery: According to Section 33, delivery of goods sold may be made by doing anything which the parties agree shall be treated as delivery or which has the effect of putting the goods in the possession of the buyer or of any person authorized to hold them on his behalf. Delivery of goods may be actual, symbolic or constructive. 2. Expenses of Delivery: According to Section 36(5), unless otherwise agree