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Environment laws in India

 Environment Laws in India

Ketaki Virkar


The collection of laws, rules, agreements, and common law that controls how humans interact with their environment is known as environmental law. Environmental law's goal is to safeguard the environment while also establishing guidelines for how humans might exploit natural resources. Every citizen of India is obligated to maintain and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and animals, as well as to exhibit compassion for living creatures, according to Part IVA-Article 51A-Fundamental Duties of the Constitution. In addition, Part IV-Article 48A-Directive Principles of State Policies of the Indian Constitution states that the government must work to maintain and improve the environment, as well as the country's forests and animals.


The important legislations involving environmental protection and wildlife are:

1. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

2. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

3. The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

4. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

5. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and The Indian Forest Act, 1927.

6. The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010

7. The Hazardous Waste Management Regulations, etc.



The United Nations Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm established the principles that the Environment Protection Act of 1986 is founded on. The Act's principal goal is to impose sanctions and penalties on individuals who threaten the environment, welfare, or health. Its goal is to ensure that the right to life is protected under Article 21 of the Constitution.



Environmental regulations in India place a high value on maintaining an ecological balance in the environment by protecting the country's ecosystems and animals.
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