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Order 5 CPC - Code of Civil Procedure - ISSUE AND SERVICE OF SUMMONS

 Order 5 CPC Description



Issue of Summons


1 Summons


1[(1) When a suit has been duly instituted, a summons may issued to the defendant to appear and answer the claim and to file the writ statement of his defence, if any, within thirty days from the date of service summons on that defendant;


Provided that no such summons shall be issued when a defendant has appeal at the presentation of the plaint and admitted the plaintiff's claim :


Provided further that where the defendant fails to file the written statement wit! the said period of thirty days, he shall be allowed to file the same on such other days as may be specified by the Court for reasons to be recorded in writing, but whi shall not be later than ninety days from the date of service of summons.;]


(2) A defendant to whom a summons has been issued under sub-rule (1) m appear?


(a) in person, or


(b) by a pleader duly instructed and able to answer all material questions relati to the suit, or


(c) by a pleader accompanied by some person able to answer all such questiot


(3) Every such summons shall be signed by the Judge or such officer as appoints, and shall be sealed with the seal of the Court.


1. Sub-rule (1) was substituted by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 15 and now further substituted Act No. 22 of 2002, section 6 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).


1[2. Copy of plaint annexted to summons


Every summons shall be accompanied by a copy of the plaint].


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Bombay:


In Order V, for rule 2, substitute the following rule, namely:- "2. Copy of plaint to accompany summons.- Every summons except in the case of one issued by the City Civil Court, shall be accompanied by a copy of the plaint with annexures or if so permitted, by concise statement." (w.e.f. 1-10-1983)


1. Subs, by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 15 for rule 2 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).


3. Court may Order defendant or plaintiff to appear in person


(1) Where Court sees reason to require the personal appearance of the defendant, the summons shall Order him to appear in person in Court on the day therein specific


(2) Where the Court sees reason to require the personal appearance of the plaintiff on the same day, it shall make an Order for such appearance.


4. No party to be Ordered to appear in person unless resident within certain limits


No party shall be Ordered to appear in person unless he resides?


(a) within the local limits of the Court's ordinary original jurisdiction, or


(b) without such limits but at place less than fifty or (where there is railway steamer communication or other established public conveyance for five-sixths ( the distance between the place where he resides and the place where the Court situate) less than two hundred miles distance from the Court-house.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Allahabad.-


In Order V, after rule 4, insert the following rule, namely:-


"4A. Except as otherwise provided, in every interlocutory proceeding and in every proceeding after decree in the trial Court, the Court may, either on the application of any party, or of its own motion, dispense with service upon any defendant who has not appeared or upon any defendant who has not filed a written statement." (w.e.f. 24-7-1926.)


Bombay:-


In Order V, for rule 4, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"4. No party shall be Ordered to appear in person unless he resides:-


(a) Within the local limits of the Court's Ordinary Original jurisdiction, or


(b) Without such limits but at a place less than 100 or (where there is railway or steamer communication or other established public conveyance for five-sixths of the distance between the place where he resides and the place where the Court is situate), less than five hundred kilometres distance from the Court House." (w.e.f. 1-10-1983)


5. Summons to be either to settle issues or for final disposal.


The Court shall determine, at the time, of issuing the summons, whether it shall be for the settlement of issues only, or for the final disposal of the suit; and the summons shall contain a direction accordingly :


Provided that, in every suit heard by a Court of Small Causes, the summons shall be for the final disposal of the suit.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Andhra Pradesh:-


Same as in Madras.


Bombay:-


In Order V, in rule 5 , after the words "whether it shall be for", insert the words "filing of written statement and the ". (w.e.f. 1-10-1983).


Calcutta:-


In Order V, in rule 5, after the words "issues only", insert the words "for the ascertainment whether the suit will be contested".


[Vide Notification No. 1242-G, dated 25th August, 1927.]


Gauhati.-


Same as in Calcutta.


Karnataka.-


In Order V, for rule 5, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"5. The Court shall determine, at the time of issuing the summons, whether it shall be-


(a) for the settlement of issues only, or


(b) for the defendant to appear and state whether he contests to or does not contest the claim and directing him if he contests to receive directions as to the date on which he has to file his written statement, the date of trial and other matters, and if he does not contest for final disposal of the suit at once, or


(c) for the final disposal of the suit; and the summons shall contain a direction accordingly:


Provided that, in every suit heard by a Court of Small Causes, the summons shall be for final disposal of the suit," (w.e.f. 30-3-1967)


Kerala.-


In Order V, for rule 5, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"5. Summons to be either (1) to ascertain owhether the suit is contested or not or (2) for the final disposal of the suit. The Court shall determine at the time of issuing the summons, whether it shall be-


(i) for the defendant to appear and state whether he contests, or does not contest the claim and directing him if he contests, to receive directions as to the date on which he has to file his written statement, the date of trial and other matters and if he does not contest, for final disposal of the suit at once; or


(ii) for the final disposal of the suit at once; and the summons shall contain a direction accordingly:


Provided that in every non-appealable case the summons shall be for the final disposal of the suit." (w.e.f. 9-6-1959)


Madras.-


In Order V for rule 5, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"5. Summons to be either (1} to settle issues, or (2) to ascertain whether the suit is contested or not or (3) for final disposal.-The Court shall determine, at the time of issuing the summons, whether it shall be-(1) for the settlement of issues only, or (2) for the defendant to appear and state whether he contests or does not contest the claim and directing him, if he contests, to receive directions as to the date on which he has to file his written statement, the date of trial and other matters, and if he does not contest, for final disposal of the suit at once; or (3) for the final disposal of the suit; and the summons shall contain a direction accordingly:


Provided that in every suit heard by the Court of Small Causes, the summons shall be for the final disposal of the suit."


6. Fixing day for appearance of defendant


The day for the appearance of the defendant 1[under sub-rule (1) of the rule 1] shall be fixed with reference to the current business of the Court, the place of residence of the defendant and the time necessary for the service of the summons; and the day shall be so fixed as to allow the defendant sufficient time to enable him to appear and answer on such day.


1. Subs. by Act 46 of 1999, sec. 15, for "for the appearance of the defendant" (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).


7. Summons to Order defendant to produce documents relied on by him?


The summons to appeal and answer shall Order the defendant to produce 1[all documents or copies thereof specified in rule 1A of Order VIII] in his possession or power upon which he intends to rely in support of his case.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Bombay.-


In Order V, for rule 7, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"7. Summons to Order defendant to produce documents relied on by him.-


The summons to appear and answer and/or filing a written statement within a time specified therein shall Order the defendant to produce all documents in his possession or power upon which he bases his defence, claim or set-off or counter claim, and shall further Order mat where he relies on any other documents {whether in his possession or power or not) as evidence in support of his defence, claim for set-off or counter claim, he shall file a list of such documents." (w.e.f. 1-11-1966)


Delhi.-


Same as in Punjab.


Haryana.-


Same as in Punjab.


Himachal Pradesh.-


Same as in Punjab.


Punjab.-


In Order V, for rule 7, substitute the following ride, namely;-


"7. Summons to Order defendant to produce documents relied on by him.-


The summons to appear and answer shall Order the defendant to produce all documents in his possession or power upon which he bases his defence or any claim for set-off and shall further Order that where he relies on any other documents (whether in his possession or power or not) as evidence in support of his defence or claim for set-off, he shall enter such documents in a list to be added or annexed to the written statement."


[Vide Notification No. 233-R/XI-Y-17, dated 24th July, 1936.]


1. Subs, by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 15 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002) for certain words.


8. On issue of summons for final disposal, defendant to be directed to produce his witnesses.


Where the summons is for the final disposal of the suit, it shall also direct the defendant to produce, on the day fixed for his appearance, all witnesses upon whose evidence he intends to relay in support of his case.


Service of Summons


1[9. Delivery of summons by Court


(1) Where the defendant resides within the jurisdiction of the Court in which the suit is instituted, or has an agent resident within that jurisdiction who is empowered to accept the service of the summons, the summons shall, unless the Court otherwise directs, be delivered or sent either to the proper officer to be served by him or one of his subordinates or to such courier services as are approved by the Court.


(2) The proper officer may by an officer of a Court other than that in which the suit is instituted, and, where he is such an officer, the summons may be sent to him in such manner as the Court may direct.


(3) The services of summons may be made by delivering or transmitting a copy thereof by registered post acknowledgement due, addressed to the defendant or his agent empowered to accept the service or by speed post or by such courier services as are approved by the High Court or by the Court referred to in sub-rule (1) or by any other means of transmission of documents (including fax message or electronic mail service) provided by the rules made by the High Court:


Provided that the service of summons under this sub-rule shall be made at the expenses of the plaintiff.


(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-rule (1), where a defendant resides outside the jurisdiction of the Court in which the suit is instituted, and the Court directs that the service of summons on that defendant may be made by such mode of service of summons as is referred to in sub-rule (3) (except by registered post acknowledgment due), the provisions of rule 21 shall not apply.


(5) When an acknowledgment or any other receipt purporting to be signed by the defendant or his agent is received by the Court or postal article containing the summons is received back by the Court with an endorsement purporting to have been made by a postal employee or by any person authorised by the courier service to the effect that the defendant or his agent had refused to take delivery of the postal articles containing the summons or had refused to accept the summons by any other means specified in sub-rule (3) when tendered or transmitted to him, the Court issuing the summons shall declare that the summons had been duly served on the defendant


Provided that where the summons was properly addressed, pre-paid and duly sent by registered post acknowledgment due, the declaration referred to in this sub-rule shall be made notwithstanding the fact that the acknowledgment having been lost or mislaid, or for any other reason, has not been received by the Court within thirty days from the date of issue of summons.


(6) The High Court or the District Judge, as the case may be, shall prepare a panel of courier agencies for the purposes of sub-rule (1).


1. Rule 9 was substituted by Act No. 46 of 1999 section 15 and now further substituted by Act No.22 of 2002, section 6 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).


9A. Summons given to the plaintiff for service


(1) The Court may, in addition to the service of summons under rule 9, on the application of the plaintiff for the issue of a summons for the appearance of the defendant, permit such plaintiff to effect service of such summons on such defendant and shall, in such a case, deliver the summons to such plaintiff for service.


(2) The service of such summons shall be effected by or on behalf of such plaintiff by delivering or tendering to the defendant personally a copy thereof signed by the Judge or such officer of the Court as he may appoint in this behalf and sealed with the seal of the Court or by such mode of service as is referred to in sub-rule (3) of rule 9.


(3) The provisions of rules 16 and 18 shall apply to a summons personally served under this rule as if the person effecting service were a serving officer.


(4) If such summons, when tendered, is refused or if the person served refuses to sign an acknowledgment of service or for any reason such summons cannot be served personally, the Court shall, on the application of the party, re-issue such summons to be served by the Court in the same manner as a summons to a defendant.]


10. Mode of service.


Service of the summons shall be made by delivering or tendering a copy thereof signed by the Judge or such officer as he appoints in this behalf, and sealed with the seal of the Court.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Karnataka.-


In Order V, in rule 10, insert the following proviso, namely:-


"Provided that, in any case the Court may either on its own motion or on the application of the plaintiff, either in the first instance or when summons last issued is returned unserved direct the service of summons by registered post prepaid for acknowledgment, instead of the mode of service laid down in this rule. The postal acknowledgment purporting to contain the signature of the defendant may be deemed to be prima facie proof of sufficient service of the summons on the defendant on the day on which it purports to have been signed by him. If the postal cover is returned unserved, an endorsement purporting to have been made thereon by the delivery peon or either an employee or officer of the Postal Department shall be prima facie evidence of the statements contain therein." (w.e.f. 30-3-1967)


Patna.-


In Order V, in rule 10, insert the following proviso, namely:-


"Provided that in any case the Court may, on its own motion, or on the application of the plaintiff, send the summons to the defendant by post in addition to the mode of service laid in this rule. An acknowledgment purporting to be signed by the defendant or an endorsement by postal servant that the defendant refused to take delivery may be deemed by the Court issuing the summons to be prima facie proof of service."


Rajasthan.-


In Order V, in rule 10, insert the following proviso, namely:-


"Provided that in any case the Court may in its discretion send the summons to the defendant by registered post in addition to the mode of service laid down in this rule. An acknowledgment purporting to be signed by the defendant or an endorsement by postal servant that the defendant refused to take the delivery may be deemed by the Court issuing the summons to be prima facie proof of service." (w.e.f. 14-8-1954)


STATE AMENDMENTS


Delhi.-


Same as in Punjab.


Haryana.-


Same as in Punjab.


Himachal Pradesh.-


Same as in Punjab.


Punjab.-


In Order V, in rule 10, insert the following proviso, namely:-


"Provided that in any case if the plaintiff so wishes the Court may serve the summons in the first instance by registered post (acknowledgment due) instead of in the mode of service laid down in this rule."


[Vide Act 31 of 1966; secs. 29 and 32 (w.e.f. 1-11-1966).]


11. Service on several defendants.


Save as otherwise prescribed, where there are more defendants than one, service of the summons shall be made on each defendant.


12. Service to be on defendant on person when practicable, or on his agent?


Wherever it is practicable service shall be made on the defendant in person, unless he has an agent empowered to accept service, in which case service on such agent shall be sufficient.


13. Service on agent by whom defendant carries on business


(1) In a suit relating to any business or work against a person who does not reside within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court from which the summons is issued, service on any manager or agent, who, at the time of service, personally carries on such business or work for such person within such limits, shall be deemed good service.


(2) For the purpose of this rule the master of a ship shall be deemed to be the agent of the owner or chartered.


14. Service on agent in charge in suits for immovable property


Where in a suit to obtain relief respecting, or compensation for wrong to, immovable property, service cannot be made on the defendant in person, and the defendant has no agent empowered to accept the service, it may be made on any agent of the defendant in charge of the property.


1[15. Where service may be on an adult member of defendant's family


Where in a suit the defendant is absent from his residence at the time when the service of summons is sought to be effected on his at his residence and there is no likelihood of his being found at the residence within a reasonable time and he has no agent empowered to accept service of the summons on his behalf service may be made on any adult member of the family, whether male or female, who is residing with him.


Explanation.?A servant is not a member of the family within the meaning of this rule.]


HIGH COURT AMENDMENT


Bombay.-


In Order V, for rule 15, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"15. Where service may be on male member of defendant's family.-


When the defendant cannot for any reason be personally served and has no agent empowered to accept service of the summons on his behalf, service may be made on any adult male member of the family of the defendant who is residing with him.


Explanation.-A servant is not a member of the family within the meaning of this rule." (w.e.f. 1-10-1983)


1. Subs. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 55, for rule 15 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).


16. Person served to sign acknowledgement


Where the serving officer delivers or tenders a copy of the summons to the defendant personally, or to an agent or other person on his behalf, he shall require the signature of the person to whom the copy is so delivered or tendered to an acknowledgement of service endorsed on the original summons.


17. Procedure when defendant refuses to accept service, or cannot be found


Where the defendant or his agent or such other person as aforesaid refuses to sign the acknowledgement, or where the serving officer, after using all due and reasonable diligence, cannot find the defendant, 1[who is absent from his residence at the time when service is sought to be effected on him at his residence and there is no likelihood of his being found at the residence within a reasonable time] and there is no agent empowered to accept service of the summons on his behalf, nor any other person on whom service can be made, the serving officer shall affix a copy of the summons on the outer door or some other conspicuous part of the house in which the defendant ordinarily resides or carries on business or personally works for gain, and shall then return the original to the Court from which it was issued, with a report endorsed thereon or annexed thereto stating that he has so affixed the copy, the circumstances under which he did do, and the name and address of the person (if any) by whom the house was identified and in whose presence the copy was affixed.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Calcutta.-


In Order V, for rule 17, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"17. Procedure when defendant refuses to accept service, or cannot be found:-


Where the defendant or his agent or such other person as aforesaid refuses to sign the acknowledgment, or where the defendant is absent from his residence at the time when service is sought to be effected on him thereat and there is no likelihood of his being found thereat within a reasonable time and there is no agent empowered to accept service of the summons on his behalf, nor any other person upon whom service can be made, the serving officer shall affix a copy of the summons on the outer door or some other conspicuous part of the house in which the defendant ordinarily resides or carries on business or personally works for gain and shall then return the original to the Court from which it was issued with a report Ordered thereon or annexed thereto stating that he has so affixed the copy, the circumstances under which he did so, and the name and address of the person (if any) by whom the house was identified and in whose presence the copy was affixed." (w.e.f. 25-7-1928)


Gauhati.-


Same as in Calcutta.


Karnataka.-


In Order V, for rule 17, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"17. Procedure when defendant refuses to accept service, or cannot be found.-


Where the defendant or his agent or such other person as aforesaid refuses to sign the acknowledgment, or where the defendant is not present at the house in which he ordinarily resides or carries on business or personally works for gain at the time when service is sought to be effected on him thereat and there is no likelihood of his being found thereat within a reasonable time and there is no agent empowered to accept service of the summons on his behalf nor any other person upon whom service can be made under rule 15, the serving officer shall affix a copy of the summons on the outer door of or some other conspicuous part of the house in which the defendant ordinarily resides or carries on business or personally works for gain, and shall then return the original to the Court from which it was issued, with a report endorsed thereon or annexed thereto staring that he has so affixed the copy, the circumstances under which he did so, and the name and address of the person, if any, by whom the house was identified and in whose presence the copy was to affixed." (w.e.f. 30-3-1967)


Madhya Pradesh.-


In Order V, in rule 17, insert the following proviso, namely:-


"Provided that where a special service has been issued and the defendant refuses to sign the acknowledgment it shall not be necessary to affix a copy as directed hereinafter." (w.e.f. 16-9-1960)


1. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 55 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).


18. Endorsement of time and manner of service.


The serving officer shall, in all cases in which the summons has been served under rule 16, endorse or annex, or cause to be endorsed or annexed, on or to the original summons, a return stating the time when and the manner in which the summons was served, and the name and address of the person (if any) identifying the person served and witnessing the delivery or tender of the summons.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Andhra Pradesh.-


In Order V, after rule 18, insert the following rule, namely:-


"18A. Chief Ministerial Officer, District Courts, may be empowered to Order issue of fresh Summons.-


A District Judge, within the meaning of the Madras Civil Courts Act, 1873, may delegate to the Chief Ministerial Officer of the District Court the power to Order the issue of fresh summons to a defendant when the return on the previous summons is to the effect that the defendant was not served and the plaintiff does not object to the issue of fresh summons within seven days after the return has been notified on the notice board."


Karnataka.-


In Order V, after rule 18, insert the following rule, namely:-


"18A.-The Presiding Officer of a Civil Court may delegate to the Chief Ministerial Officer of the Court, the power to Order issue of fresh summons to a defendant when the return on the previous summons is to the effect that the defendant was not served and the plaintiff does not object to the issue of fresh summons within 7 days after he has been required to deposit the necessary process fee for the issue of fresh summons. If the plaintiff objects, the matter shall be placed before the Presiding Officer for his Orders." (w.e.f. 30-3-1967)


Madras.-


In Order V, for rule 18A which was inserted in 1929, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"18A.-A District Judge, a subordinate Judge and a District Munsif within the meaning of the Madras Civil Courts Act, 1873, and a City Civil Judge within the meaning of the Madras City Civil Court Act, 1892 may delegate to the Chief Ministerial Officer of their respective Courts the power to issue fresh summons to a defendant when (i) the return on the previous summons is to the effect that the defendant was not served and (ii) the plaintiff does not object to the issue of fresh summons within 7 days after the return has been notified on the Notice Board."


[Vide Fort St Geo Gaz, dated 9th November, 1955.]


19. Examination of serving officer.


Where a summons is returned under rule 17, the Court shall, if the return under that rule has not been verified by the affidavit of the serving officer, and may, if it has been so verified, examine the serving officer on oath, or cause him to be so examined by another Court, touching his proceedings, and may make such further enquiry in the matter as it thinks fit; and shall either declare that the summons has been duly served or Order such service as it thinks fit.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Calcutta.-


In Order V,-


(a) for rule 19, substitute the following rule, namely:-


"19. Where a summons is returned under rule 17, the Court shall, if the return under that rule has not been verified by the declaration of the serving officer, and may, if it has been so verified, examine the serving officer, on oath, or cause him to be so examined by another Court, touching his proceedings, and may make such further inquiry in the matter as it thinks fit, and shall either declare that the summons has been duly served or Order such service as it thinks fit." (w.e.f. 25-7-1928)


(b) after rule 19, insert the following rule, namely:-


"19A. A declaration made and subscribed by a serving officer shall be received as evidence of the facts as to the service or attempted service of the summons."


[Vide Notification No.l0428-G, dated 25th July, 1928.]


Gauhati.-


Same as in Calcutta.


1[19A. Simultaneous issue of summons for service by post in addition to personal service]


1. Rule 19A was inserted by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 55 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977) now omitted by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 15 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002)..


20. Substituted service


(1) Where the Court is satisfied that there is reason to believe that the defendant is keeping out of the way for the purpose of avoiding service, or that for any other reason the summons cannot be served in the ordinary way, the Court shall Order the summons to be served by affixing a copy thereof in some conspicuous place in the Court-house, and also upon some conspicuous part of the house (if any) in which the defendant is known to have last resided or carried on business or personally worked for gain, or in such other manner as the Court thinks fit.


1(lA) Where the Court acting under sub-rule (1) Orders service by an advertisement in a newspaper, the newspaper shall be a daily newspaper circulating in the locality in which the defendant is last known to have actually and voluntarily resided, carried on business or personally worked for gain.]


(2) Effect of substituted service?Service substituted by Order of the Court shall be as effectual as if it had been made on the defendant personally.


(3) Where service substituted, time for appearance to be fixed?Where service is substituted by Order of the Court, the Court shall fix such time for the appearance of the defendant as the case may require.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENT


Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh.-


In Order V, in rule 20, insert the following proviso, namely:-


"Provided that if service in the ordinary manner or by registered post is not effected for the first date of hearing the Court may direct substituted service, in such manner as the Court deem fit even if no application is made by or on behalf of the plaintiff for the purpose."


[Vide Punjab Gazette, Pt. III (L.S.), p. 303, dated 11th April, 1975; Haryana Government Gazette, Pt. III (L.S.) p. 189, dated 25th March, 1975, Chandigarh Administration Gazette, Pt. II, p. 95, dated 1st May, 1975.]


1. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 55 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).


1[20A. Service of summons by post.


Rep. by the Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1976 (104 of 1976), s. 55 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).]


1. Ins. by Act 66 of 1956, sec. 14 (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).


21. Service of summons where defendant resides within jurisdiction of another Court


A summons may sent by the Court by which it is issued, whether within or without the State, either by one of its officers 1[or by post or by such courier service as may be approved by the High Court, by fax message or by Electronic Mail service or by any other means as may be provided by the rules made by the High Court] to any Court (not being the High Court) having jurisdiction in the place where the defendant resides.


HIGH COURT AMENDMENTS


Allahabad.-


In Order V, re-number rule 21 as sub-rule (1) thereof and insert the following sub-rule, namely:-


"(2) In lieu of, or in addition to, the procedure indicated in sub-rule (1), such summons may also be served by sending it by registered post addressed to the defendant at the place where he ordinarily resides or carries on business or works for gain. Unless the cover is returned undelivered by the post office on account of want of proper address or other similar reason the summons may be deemed to have been delivered to the addressee at the time when it should have reached him in the ordinary course."


[Vide Notification No. 43vii-d-29, dated 1st June, 1967.]


Andhra Pradesh.-


In Order V, in rule 21, insert the following proviso, namely:-


"Provided that summons intended for service in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad shall be sent to the City Civil Court, Hyderabad at Secunderabad." (w.e.f. 23-3-1967)


Bombay.-


In Order V, after rule 21, insert the following rule, namely:-


"21A. Service of summons by prepaid post wherever defendant may be residing if plaintiff so desires.-


Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing rules and whether the defendant resides within the jurisdiction of the Court or not, {the Court may in addition to or in substitution for, any other mode of service), cause the summons to be addressed to the defendant at the place where he is residing, (or where he ordinarily carries on business) and sent to him by registered post pre-paid for acknowledgement, provided that at such place there is a regular daily postal service. An acknowledgement purporting to be signed by the defendant shall be deemed by the Court issuing the summons to be prima facie proof of service. In all other case the Court shall hold such enquiry as it thinks fit and declare the summons to have been duly served or Order such further service as may in its opinion be necessary." (w.e.f. 1-11-1966)


Gujarat.-


Same as in Bombay with the following modifications:-


(i) insert the words "The Court may" at the beginning.


(ii) omit the words within brackets.


Madhya Pradesh.-


In Order V, after rule 21, insert the following rule, namely:-


"21A. The Court may, notwithstanding an

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Section 58B of The Advocates Act - Special provision relating to certain disciplinary proceedings

 Section 58B The Advocates Act Description (1) As from the 1st day of September, 1963, every proceeding in respect of any disciplinary matter in relation to an existing advocate of a High Court shall, save as provided in the first proviso to sub-section (2), be disposed of by the State Bar Council in relation to that High Court, as if the existing advocate had been enrolled as an advocate on its roll. (2) If immediately before the said date, there is any proceeding in respect of any disciplinary matter in relation to an existing advocate pending before any High Court under the Indian Bar Councils Act, 1926 (38 of 1926), such proceeding shall stand transferred to the State Bar Council in relation to that High Court, as if it were a proceeding pending before the corresponding Bar Council under clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 56: Provided that where in respect of any such proceeding the High Court has received the finding of a Tribunal constituted under section 11 of the Indian B

Case Laws related to Defamation in favour of ClaimantCase Laws related to Defamation in favour of Claimant. TOLLEY Vs, J.S FRY & SONS LTD – (1931) Facts The defendants were owners of chocolate manufacturing company. They advertised their products with a caricature of the claimant, who was a prominent amateur golfer, showing him with the defendants’ chocolate in his pocket while playing golf. The advertisement compared the excellence of the chocolate to the excellence of the claimant’s drive. The claimant did not consent to or knew about the advertisement. Issue The claimant alleged that the advertisement suggested that he agreed to his portrait being used for commercial purposes and for financial gain. He further claimed that the use of his image made him look like someone who prostituted his reputation for advertising purposes and was thus unworthy of his status. At trial, several golfers gave evidence to the effect that if an amateur sold himself for advertisement, he no longer maintained his amateur status and might be asked to resign from his respective club. Furthermore, there was evidence that the possible adverse effects of the caricature on the claimant’s reputation were brought to the defendants’ attention. The trial judge found that the caricature could have a defamatory meaning. The jury then found in favor of the claimant. Held The House of Lords held that in the circumstances of this case – as explained by the facts – the caricature was capable of constituting defamation. In other words, the publication could have the meaning alleged by the claimant. The Lords also ordered a new trial limited to the assessment of damages. NEWSTEAD V LANDON EXPRESS NEWSPAPER LTD, (1939) Facts: A newspaper published a defamatory article about Harold Newstead. However, another person with this name brought an action in libel. He claimed that the article had been misunderstood as leading to him. The defendant newspaper recognised that they published the article. Also, they denied that they had the intention of being defamatory of him. Consequently, the claimant argued that the newspaper was under a duty. The duty was to give a clear and complete description of the correct person. Moreover, the claimant argued that the defendants were in breach of the duty. Issues: The issue in Newstead v London Express Newspaper, was if the reasonable persons would have understood the words complained of to refer to the plaintiff. Held: The Court of Appeal stated that in accordance with the current law on libel, liability for libel does not depend on the intention of the defamer; but on the fact of the defamation. Accordingly, a reasonable man, in this case a newspaper publisher, must be aware of the possibility of individuals with the same name and must assume that the words published will be read by a reasonable man with reasonable care.

  Case Laws related to Defamation in favour of Claimant.  TOLLEY  Vs,  J.S FRY & SONS LTD – (1931) Facts The defendants were owners of chocolate manufacturing company. They advertised their products with a caricature of the claimant, who was a prominent amateur golfer, showing him with the defendants’ chocolate in his pocket while playing golf. The advertisement compared the excellence of the chocolate to the excellence of the claimant’s drive. The claimant did not consent to or knew about the advertisement.   Issue The claimant alleged that the advertisement suggested that he agreed to his portrait being used for commercial purposes and for financial gain. He further claimed that the use of his image made him look like someone who prostituted his reputation for advertising purposes and was thus unworthy of his status. At trial, several golfers gave evidence to the effect that if an amateur sold himself for advertisement, he no longer maintained his amateur status and might be aske

Rules as to delivery of goods

                             Rules as to delivery of goods Section 2(2) of Sale of Goods Act defines ‘delivery’ as a ‘voluntary transfer of possession from one person to another.’ Thus, if the transfer of goods is not voluntary and is taken by theft, by fraud, or by force, then there is no ‘delivery. Moreover, the ‘delivery’ should have the effect of putting the goods in possession of the buyer. The essence of the delivery is a voluntary transfer of possession of goods from one person to another. There is no delivery of goods where they are obtained at pistol point or theft. 1. Mode of Delivery: According to Section 33, delivery of goods sold may be made by doing anything which the parties agree shall be treated as delivery or which has the effect of putting the goods in the possession of the buyer or of any person authorized to hold them on his behalf. Delivery of goods may be actual, symbolic or constructive. 2. Expenses of Delivery: According to Section 36(5), unless otherwise agree