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AN OVERVIEW MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (AMENDMENT) BILL 2022

 AN OVERVIEW MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (AMENDMENT) BILL 2022


INTRODUCTION


On March 25, 2022, the Delhi Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha. The bill aims to make changes to the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act of 1957, which was passed by Parliament.

It intends to bring together the Capital's three municipal corporations — South, North, and East — ten years after the civic body's trifurcation.

The Municipal Corporation is the urban local authority in India that is in charge of the development of any Metropolitan City with a population of over one million people.


Municipal Corporations are founded by acts of state legislatures in the United States, and by acts of Parliament in the Union Territories.

In 1688, Madras became India's first municipal corporation, followed by municipal corporations in Bombay and Calcutta in 1726. Based on the population of a city, each municipal region is divided into geographical constituencies known as wards. Each ward elects a representative, who is elected by the ward's residents. On the basis of adult franchise, members of the wards committee are elected for a five-year tenure. A councillor, sometimes known as a corporation,is a person elected to represent a certain ward.




BACKGROUND:


For increased efficiency, the government proposed in 2011 that the MCD (Municipal Corporation of Delhi) be trifurcated.


After the proposal was accepted by the ministry of home affairs in November 2011, the Delhi government called a special assembly session and passed the Delhi Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Bill in December 2011.

In January 2012, the final notification for the trifurcation was released, separating the municipal bodies of North, South, and East Delhi, with 104 awards handed to the first two and 64 to the latter.


NEED FOR REUNIFICATION?

1. Face Multiple Issues: Trifurcated MCDs (Municipal Corporation of Delhi) have faced a number of issues over the years, including non-payment of safai karamcharis (sweepers) salaries, uneven property tax distribution among the three civic bodies, inefficient management, and growing losses, among others.



2. Unequal Division: In terms of geographical divisions and revenue-generating potential, the trifurcation was uneven. As a result, the three firms' resources were vastly inadequate in comparison to their duties.



3. Widening Gaps: The gap has widened over time, putting the three municipal corporations in a financial bind and rendering them unable to pay their employees' salaries and retirement benefits on time, posing a serious impediment to the delivery of civic services in Delhi.



4. The growing population and urbanisation in India's cities necessitated the establishment of a local governing body capable of collecting property taxes and fixed grants from the state government in order to provide essential community services such as health care, education, housing, and transportation.




PROVISIONS OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION


Except for the integration of Article 40 in the Directive Principles of State Policy, there is no provision in the Indian Constitution for the formation of local self-government.

The 74th Amendment Act of 1992 included a new Part IX-A to the Constitution, which deals with municipal and Nagar Palika administration.

Articles 243P to 243ZG make up this section. The Constitution was also amended to include a new twelfth schedule. There are 18 things on the 12th schedule.
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